The Vatican Square Obelisk, the Wheel Within The Wheel and the Great Year.

As I watch the funeral of Pope Francis, head of the Catholic Church from 2013 to his death on Easter Monday 2025 play out across the world, I am drawn to the Vatican Obelisk in St Peter's Square. One of thirteen ancient obelisks of Rome, it is the only one which has never fallen. Made of red granite it is 25 metres high and together with the cross and the base composed of four bronze lions, it reaches almost 40 metres. It is of Egyptian origin though hasn't any hieroglyphs and according to Pliny, comes from the city of Heliopolis - seat of worship of the sun god Re - on the River Nile. Before coming to Rome in 40 AD it stood in the Forum Iulli of Alexandria. Emperor Caligula then had it placed at the centre of the Circus Nero, site of the modern day Vatican City. It was moved almost 800 feet in one day in 1586, at the behest of Pope Sixtus V. The obelisk functions as a massive sundial, and each morning its shadow points towards one of the twelve Zodiac signs embedded i...